CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Agriculture in Nigeria was and is one
of the major branches of the economy, providing employment for than 70% of the
population. It is the main source of livelihood of over 70 million people
living in the rural areas of the country and provides many primary means of
employment for Nigerians and also account for more than one-third of total
gross of domestic product (G D P) and labor force.
The agricultural shave of the G.D.P
stood at about 90% before independence in 1960, about 56% between 1960-1969 and
a little more 40% in 1986 (CBN,2003). The achieve in the contribution of
agriculture to the country, GDP over time is due to the slower growth of the
sector relative to other sectors of the economy and more especially commercial
exploration of petroleum
Agriculture in Nigeria is
characterized by multitude of scale sale farmers scattered over a wide expanse
of land area, with small holdings ranging from 0.05 to 3.00 hectors per
farm-land. Rudimentary farming system, low capitalization and low yield per
hector (oja.2004). The central bank reported that most of the population of
over 137 million was rural and engaged in small scale agriculture, which
accounted for only 35.8% of gross domestic produced (Burea of democracy, human
rights and labor 2004).
Food production decisions in Nigeria
are mainly made by small scale farmers, who face a number of risks and in
responses, farmers engage in some management strategies which may have social
and economic implications not on the farming households but the entire economy
(Kabiret, 2009)
Henderson and gomes (1947)noted that
one possible approach to improving small scale-farming is through use of
records, a farmer will not make it very far in today’s business environment
(Appiah et al, 2010). Record keeping refers to keeping, filling, categorizing
maintaining farm financial and production information. It is an imperative
aspect of operating even the smallest farming enterprise Gelof and holand,
1995. This is because a farmer who maintains an adequate set of record can usually
handle a problems better than the one who does not) (hassen et al: poggio,
2006).similarly, farm business decision that are not based on accurate farm
record may lead to less profit. Besides, effective management of farming
operation today requires that record be kept, so that manger can make informed
decisions affecting the profitability of their farms (Gerloff and Holland,
1995).
According to Dunlap (2006), procedure
may prosper to maintain hand writing record using a larger book or similar
record keeping tool, or the may take advantage of in expensive book-keeping
software are available to small business Gerloff and Holland (1995) observed
that, farm record keeping could be accomplished through a variety of method,
from a basic hand record keeping method to an elaborated computerized system.
Regardless of the method used, the
best system is the one in which all production and financial aspects are
recorded in timely and accurate manner (Dunlap, 2006). This all important
exercise is largely absent in most African traditional agriculture. An
investigation off the factors that likely influence record keeping is therefore
crucial.
1.1
Statement
Of Problem
Despite the importance of farm record keeping to the
growth of a farm business, farmers often consider it as a difficult task
(Poggio, 2006) and therefore the decision they make are guided by vague
estimates and grasses based on their passed experience of farming (Johl and
Kapur, 2001). The state of affairs warrant a situation where farm planning,
credit, financial, marketing, policy formulation, planning agricultural
programmers, monitoring and evaluation becomes difficult, because data
collection from the record of farmers is practically impossible (Appiah et al
2010). It is not clear what make farmers behave so. This study therefore set
out to determine the factors that affect the farm record keeping amongst small
scale maize farmers in Maiduguri metropolitan, Borno state of Nigeria.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study was to determine the
factor that affects farm record keeping amongst small scale maize farmers in
Maiduguri metropolitan council of Borno state, Nigeria.
The broad specific objectives were to:
i.
Examine the
socio-economic characteristics of the small scale maize farmers.
ii.
Identify the factors
affecting farm record.
iii.
Examine the farm
records enterprise of maize production.
iv.
Examine the influence
of socio-economic characteristics on farmers’ record keeping.
1.3 Hypothesis
There
is no significant relationship between socio-economic characteristic of maize
farmers and there record keeping.
1.4. Significance of
the Study
This study would be significant to government and
non-governmental organization (NGO’s). Extension agents and farmers in the
following ways; this study will provide adequate information on maize farming to
government and other agencies and to uncovered reason why Maize farmers record
or not, and will serve as a helpful tool in obtaining the correct data for
examining and developing sound policies. Best on result obtained Action taken
such as enlighten of farmers on proper record keeping will facilitate farm
planning monitoring and evaluation of Agricultural programmes, and will
ultimately improve the living standard of small scale maize farmers in
Maiduguri Metropolitan Council of Borno State of Nigeria.
Information
obtained on farmer’s record keeping behavior would motivate extension workers
to intensify their efforts by educating them on farm record keeping.
It
will enhance sensitization of record keeping amongst small scale maize farmer
this work would also serve as reference materials for further study.
1.5. Scope and
Limitation of the Study
The study covers factors affecting farm record
keeping amongst small scale maize farmer in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council,
Borno State, Nigeria. The research will be carried in Maiduguri. Data would be
collected Maize farmers.
During the study proxy data were used, because of
the respondent may not remember their real age and absent of a standard unit of
measurement also through memory recall estimate of the total quality produce
were given by the farmers who did not keep record. All this may likely
influence the outcome of the findings of this survey.
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1. Concept of
Record Keeping
Farm record keeping involves
collecting an account of farmer’s day to day operation in the farm (Appiah et
al, 2010) Togges (2001) give two definitions of small scale farm Record
Keeping. As keeping of detailed records by a farmer of his small farm’s daily
operations, income and expenditure. He added that farm record keeping refers to
data collection activity of a research organization which involves the keeping
of Records of a group of small scale farmers with some guidance and support
from the researcher.
2.2.
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Small Scale Farmers
The socio economic characteristics
of small scale maize farmers include; age, sex, educational level, norms and
values, experience in farming farmer’s status, membership of farmers,
association and access to credit among others. In a study on farm record
keeping by Appiah et al., (2010), carried out amongst small scale maize farmers
in the Ga East Municipalily Accara Ghana, their mean age was 44.5years. In the
results showed that most of the maize farmers were in their active years as
over 60% Age below the age of 50years. According to a survey by Adesehinwa et al
(2003) amongst cereal farmers in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria. Mean age Record
Keeping was 55.5years.
The survey by Mabe et al (2010)
amongst cereal farmers in North-West province South Africa, respondents had a
mean age of 57 years. Etham et al (2008) observed that the mean age of rural
people in the hable-Rud Basin, Iran was 49.57years. it was also observed in Oyo
State that farmer’s involved cereal-legume intercropped had a man age of
42.85years (Segun-Olasanmi, 2010) Ogudari et al, (2007) recorded that maize
crop farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria had an age average of 58.5years.
Moreover, the survey by Appiah et
al; (2010) carried out amongst small scale maize farmers in the Ga East
Muncipality of Ghana, revealed that the male and female small-scale maize farmer
were represented by 72.0% and 28% respectively. Also Adesehinwa et al (2003)
reported that amongst maize farmers in Ibadan, Oyo State, male and female
respondent were 73.3% and 26.7% respectively.
In addition, a study by Appiah et
al; (2010) on small-scale farm record keeping, carried out amongst small-scale
maize farmers in the Ga Muncipality Accra Ghana, showed that the mean year of
experience by farmers in maize farming was 10:52years. Etham et al; (2008) also
observed in Hable-Rud Basin, Iran that the rural people’s experience in the
Agricultural Activities was an average of 27:72years. Ogundari et al; (2007)
Recorded an average farming experience was 22:65 amongst Maize crop farmers in
Ondo State Nigeria.
Furthermore, the data from a study
of farm record keeping amongst small
scale maize farmers in the Ga East Municipality Accra Ghana, suggested a
high literacy rate since over 65% of the farmers had reached the secondary
level and beyond (Appiah et al, 2010). Ogundari et al, (2007) recorded an average
years of schooling of 11:52 years amongst maize crop farmers in Ondo States
Nigeria. Etham et al, (2008) observed in Hable-Red Basin, Iran that 81.7% and 18.3% were literate and illiterate
respectively.
Farm Record keeping amongst
small-scale maize farmers in the Ga East Municipality Accra Ghana, Appiah et
al, (2010) noted that 60% of small scale farm record keepers were into
full-time farming while 40% of the respondent were into part-time farming.
Devonish et al. (2006) found in Barbados that the farmers keeping records 50% were
full time farmers while 50% were part
time.
Appiah et al. (2010), Amongst small
scale maize farmers in the east Ga Municipality Accra Ghana noted that the
majority of the respondent 60%, were members of the various farmers associations
in the municipality while 40% did not
belong to any farmers Association.
Devonish et al; (2000) found in
Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago that 24% of farmers keeping records obtained farm
credits from various financial institutions.
2.3. Factors Affecting
Recording Keeping
Keeping of farm record is affected
by certain factors. According to Marianne (1995) and Devonish et al; (2000),
farm record keeping was independent of age, gender and size, the level of
formal education and years of farming experience. The research by Devonish et
al, (2000) however, showed that there was a significant relationship between
farm record keeping and the following factors farmers status, the receipt of
credit and not income. Farmers who owned the larger farms tended to keep farm
records than small scale farmers. A high proportion of farmers who kept records
were used to provide an indication of the viability of the farm business in
order to receive credits from financial institutions.
Farm record keeping is often seen as
a routine task by farmers (Poggio, 2006). Mina et al; (2003) noted that the
lack of keeping farm records is more pronounced due to light levels of
illiteracy and low numeracy levels in most low resources Africa farming
communities.
Chapman (2003) and Iton (1999)
stated that a farmers who had a well kept farm record was in a more favorable
position to borrow needed funds than onw who has no farm record. This was
confirmed by Devonish et al, (2000) that in Barbados more than half (57%) of
farmers interviewed were obtained credits due to the fact that they were
keeping farm records.
According to John Kapur (2001),
when farmers keep record they continuously give the needed information for
state and national farm policies such as land and price policies this further
helped in research work which required precise and correct data that was
possible only if proper record were maintaining on the farm and including in
the study. Dunlep (2006) also noted that producers maintain records for several
reasons such as to provide fruit of income and expenses to government
functionaries’ example tax collection.
2.4. Enterprises
for which Records are kept
According to Nyandat (2010), about
95% of maize farming in Kenya was small scale and the production statistics may
not be accurate because of poor data as most farmers did not keep record for
harvest or else and do not inform the extension services when they are
harvesting. Amonst small-scale maize farmers in the GA East Municipality Accra
Ghana, Appiah et al (2010) observed and the maize farmers interviewed kept at
least production and financial records. In Zambia, a common feature observed
amongst the sampled small holder farmers was most of them did not keep full
production record of their dairy animals. This made it difficult to make
correct managing decision. In consequence they considered dairy farming as a
peripheral activity (Kaluba, 2010).
2.5. Problems
Encountered for not keeping Farm Records.
In a study by Appiah et al (2010),
carried amongst small-scale maize farmers in the G.A East Municipality Accra
Ghana, majority of the respondents (70%) were obtaining farm credits from
financial institutions. According to 30%
of farmers who did not receive farm credits they could finance their own
work without farm loan. Since all Maize farmers interviewed kept at two types
of farm record, namely: production and financial records, they all stood good
chance to receive farm credits is depending on the ability of the maize farmer
to provide properly kept farm records. This was confirmed by Iton (1999) and
Chapman (2003) that farmers in the wind world Islands, Roseau Dominica had to
provide writing materials/records of their farm operations as an indication of
the liability of their business, else obtaining a farm loan might be an uphill
battle.
2.6. Constrains
to Keeping Farm Record among Small-Scale Maize Farmers.
Despite the important of farm
record to the growth of farm business, farmers often consider it as a difficult
task (Poggio, 2006) and the decision they make are guided by vague estimated
and guesses based on their past experience of farming (John and Kapur, 2001).
Obviously, farmers are faced with constraints which cause their inability to
keep farm records. Minal et al, (2003) noted that the lack of keeping farm
record is more pronounced due to the high level of illiteracy and low numeracy
levels in most low resource Africa farming communities.
Other constraints faced by farmers
is that, most of them engage in several enterprises and mixed farming systems
and their farm record keeping requires much of their time. They are therefore
faced with the constraints which hinder them from keeping farm records. (John
and Kapur, 2001) further stated that the subsistence nature of farming does not
produce any incentive for keeping the farm records. Farmers therefore cannot
engage separately trained accountants for helping them in the record keeping.
Moreover, lack of sensitization on
the importance of farm businesses by extension agents or enumerator was a constraint
in Rome (Minal et al, 2003). Johl and Kapur (2001) also stated that sufficient
numbers of farmers maintain records of their business were constraints in South
Africa.
Furthermore, farmer were always
afraid of new taxes and so they fear if they maintain record book, some sort of
high taxes may be levied on them (Johl and Kapur, 2001) Singh (2001) commenced
that the small scale farmers in India knew that because of the size (small) of
their farm holdings. They will not be able to effect economic of scale hence do
not show interest in farm record keeping. Although, Mohammed et al; (2004)
proved that farm record keeping amongst small scale maize farmers was a key
practices used by very successful farmers. It was observed by Appiah et al
(2010) in GA East Municipality Accra Ghana, that Small-scale maize farmers were
not keeping all the types of farm records. Essentially, farmers were faced with
constraints which form the basis for their inability to keep farm records. The
reason given by most of the Maize farmers (46%) on why they do not keep
comprehensive farm records was that the records were not beneficial, while 22%
of respondents also could not give a reason why they did not keep comprehensive
farm records.
Respondents representing 14%
complained of time constraints. Others (8%) represents other reasons given by
maize farmers on why they did not keep comprehensive farm records, these
include difficulty in entering data into Record Books due to stress
forgetfulness, due to deferred entries, hired personel who kept farm records
cheat on their managers and some workers find it difficult to enter data
because of their low educational attainment.
Marianne (1995) noted in Embu
district, Kentia that the main criteria used by small holders in deciding
whether or not to adopt formal record keeping are it’s perceived importance and
the ease of it’s practical application in diversified farms. This accounts for
the reasons given by most of the respondents 46% that did not keep comprehensive farm records. The main
reasons for doing so were lack of time 32%, because farming is a hobby 26%,
records not beneficial 16%, not particular reasons 15%, too old 18% and afraid
to know losses 3%.
CHAPTER
THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1. The Study
Area
This research was conducted in
Maiduguri Metropolis, properly known as MMC, Borno State. MMC is one of the 27
local government areas of the state. The city sits along the seasonal Ngadabul
River, which disappears into the fir vision amps in the areas around lake Chad.
It has an estimated population of about 1,197,497 by 2009 (The World Gazetteer,
2011).
The MMC Head Quarters is located in
Shehuri. It lies along 11050’N and 13009’N coordinate the
area is characterized by semi arid climate features, the rainfall lasts for
3-4months temperature larges from 280C to 420C between
March and early June (Maximum Temperature) and 210C to 250C
between December and January (Maximum Temperature) Agwali, (2008).
The soil is generally sandy loamy.
Crops like millet, sorghum, Rice, Cowpea and Groundnut area produced as
principal crops. Fruits like Mango, Guava and Cashew are also produced (Joshua
and Teli 2007). The vegetation is sparse ranging predominantly from shrubs to
scanty tree large trees like Accacia indica locally called ‘Gawo’
and Axadracta indica Neem.
Mixed farming is been practiced
whereby farmers crop production with rearing of animals or livestock, such as
cattle, sheep and goat as well as poultry and fish production. MMC is inhibited
by major tribes include Hausa and
Fulani. They have a rich cultural heritage. The people are mainly farmers,
traders and civil servants.
3.2. Source of
Data
The study primary data and
secondary information. Primary data was collected through the use of structured
questionnaire containing open and close ended question, which were distributed
to the respondents. Secondly information were obtained from Borno State
Agricultural Development Programme (BOSADP) Books of Abstracts, indexes,
internet, journals and text books.
3.3. Sampling
Techniques
To effectively cover the study
area, a multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select the
respondents for this study. The first stage involved random selection of five
wards from the study area which include; Maiduguri (old), Pompommari, Shehuri
North, Abbaganaram and Bolori.
Snow ball sampling techniques was
used in the second stage to select 10 farmers from each of the selected wards,
making a local number of 50 respondents.
3.4. Analytical
Techniques.
The analytical techniques used to
analyze the data were; Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution,
percentage and mean were used to the achieved objectives I, III, and IV
logistic regression model was used as inferential statistic to achieve
objectives.
II. The expellant representation of the model is as
follows:-
Y = B1X2+ B2X2+
B3X3+ B4X4+ B5X5+
B6X6+ B7X7
Where Yi = 1 When farmers 1 keep record and
otherwise
X1 = Age of respondents in years (coded
as 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively).
X2 = Sex 1 male = 1, female = 2
X3 = Farming experience in 3years (code
as 1,2, and 3)
X4 = Level of education (years spent in
school)
X5 = Farmer status (1y full-time 1 and 2
otherwise)
X6 = Membership of co-operative (1 years
and 2 otherwise)
X7 = Access to credit facilities (1years
and 2 otherwise)
B
= Coefficient
A
prior expectation Yi = 1,
y x 5 =1
Yi
= 1, 1j x 6 =1 and
Yi
= 1, 1j x 7 =1
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Socio-Economic Characteristics of Respondents
Fifty
small scale farmers were interviewed in the study area. The following socio-
economic characteristics: farmers experience, level of education, farmer
status, membership in cooperative and access to credit were studied.
Age
20-30 years 12
24.0
31-40 years 14
28.0
41-50 year 19
38.0
51-60 years 5
10.0
Sex
Male 36
72.0
Female 14 28.0
Farmer experience
2-5 years 17 34.0
6-10 years 16
32.0
Source: field survey, 2017
No formal education 20 40.0
Basic (primary to JS3) 3 6.0
Secondary 8 16.0
Post secondary 10 20.0
Tertiary 9 18.0
Farmer’s status
Full time 18 36.0
Part time 32 64.0
Membership in cooperative
Yes 4 8.0
No 46 92.0
Access to credit
Yes 16 32.0
Source: Field survey, 2017
4.1.1 Age
Table
4.1 Show that majority of the farmers were in their active years as 90% were
below the age of 50. Contrary to this report were the findings in Barbados by
MAR/IICA Draft Report (1999) which stated that the rapid ageing of the farm
work force was a reflection of disdain among youths for agricultural work.
4.1.2 Sex
Male
Farmers represented the majority (72%), while the females represented 28% of
the respondents, and corresponds to the findings of Assassie (2008) in Ashanti
Region of Ghana, that women may go into farming to meet demands at the home. He
further explained that gender had proven to be an essential variable for
analyzing roles, responsibilities, constraints, opportunities, incentives,
costs and benefits in agriculture.
4.1.3 Farmer Experience
The
survey revealed that majority of farmers (66%) had been involved in farming for
less than ten year, while 34% had a farm experience above ten years. This is
because, recently there had been an increased concern shown by the government
on the nation’s agriculture thereby, making it a viable economic venture. This
attracted new entrants into the farming business, hence the low experience.
Experience is the basis of progress and success in business (John and Kapur,
2001). With the relatively low years of experience in farming, farmers were
likely not to keep farm records.
4.1.4 Level of Education
Fifty-four
percent (54%) of farmers were literate as they had formal education from
secondary and above, while 6% had attended basic school and the rest (40%) were
illiterate. This was likely to reflect on their farm record keeping behaviors
since they might have acquired knowledge and skills in farming from their
respective educational institutions.
4.1.5 Farmer Status
The result show that majority of the farmers (64%) were
into part-time farming, while only 36% were involved in full-time farming. it
showed that full-time farmers tended to keep farm records than part-time
farmers.
4.1.6 Membership in Cooperative
Majority
of the farmers (92%) did not belong to any cooperative society as only 8% of
the respondents belonged to farmer association. Members of such association
received support in the form of cash and subsidies. Educational programmes
(seminars, symposium and workshops) also formed a majority part of the benefits
they received from such associations.
4.1.7 Access to Credit
Majority
of farmers did not have access to credit as revealed by the high percentage (68%), while the
minority (32%) had access to farm credit. An average proportion of farmers who
kept records for this purpose (14%) had obtained credit because their farm records
were used to provide an indication of the viability of the farm business in
order to receive credit from financial institutions.
4.2 Factors Affecting Small Scale Farm Record Keeping
As
shown in table 4.2 below, the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers
were tested against farm record keeping using logistic regression at 95% and
99% confidence level. The results however revealed that age and level of
education was significant at 5% and 1 % level of significance respectively.
The
reason for this was that as farmers increase in age, they saw more reason to
keep farm records. Also, they had acquired knowledge and skills in farm record
keeping through formal education. It was also observed that record keeping had
a negative significant relationship to membership in cooperative and access to
credit. The reason for this negative relationship was that farm record keeping
was not a criterion for receiving financial assistance from farm cooperatives.
Also, farm credit was not available to small scale farmers and as such, they
saw no reason to keep records of their farming activities.
Value
Age 1.593 0.801 0.047
Sex 1.753 1.395 0.209
Farmer experience 5.41 0.785 0.490
Level of Education 1.895 0.654 0.004
Farmer Status 0.485 1.082 0.654
Membership in cooperative -228 1.595 0.886
Access to Credit -1.867 1.105 0.091
Source; Field Survey, 2017
** Variable is significant
at 5% if its P value is < or = 0.05
**Variable is significant
at 1% if its P value is < or = 0.01
Dependent variable: Record
keeping.
Age: P value < 0.05
Level of Education:
P value < 0.01
4.3 Problem Encountered
for not keeping Records
Table
4.3 below shows that out of the 35 respondents who did not keep records, 54%
could not give any problem which they encountered. Other respondents complained
of no access to credit (2%), lack of knowledge of farm profit (8%), little
knowledge of the quantity of farm output (4%), and difficulties in farm
planning (6%).
No access to credit 1 2.0 56.0
Lack of farm profit knowledge 4 8.0 64.0
Farm planning difficulties 3 6.0 70.0
Lack of farm output knowledge 2 4.0 74.0
Source: field survey, 2017
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
In summary, fifty respondents were
selected using multi-stage random sampling technique and the date was analyzed
using frequency and logistic regression. Result from the study show out of 50
respondents surveyed, 30% of the respondent kept records of their farm
activities, while 70% did not. Also, 72% of their farmers were males, while 28%
war females. Moreover, 90% of the respondents were below the age of 50 years,
66% of the respondents had a farm experience below ten years, and 40% had no
formal education. Furthermore, 36% were full-time farmers, while 64% were
part-time farmers. Also 92% did not belong to any farmer cooperative while 8%
did; ann. 32% had access to credit, while 68% did not. The factors affecting
record keeping were age and level of education, significant at 5% and 1% level
of significance respectively.
Out of those who did not keep farm
records, 54% could not give any problem which they will encounter. Other
respondent complained of problems such as no access to credit 2%, lack of
knowledge of farm profit 8%, little knowledge of farm output 4%, and
difficulties in farm planning 6%. The constraint to record keeping giving by
most farmers 40% was that they lacked the knowledge because of the low
educational attainment.
5.2 Conclusion
The result from the study reveals that there is no significant
relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of small scale maize famers
and their record keeping, except for their age and level of education.
5.3 Recommendation
Based on the findings, it is recommended that:
1. More attention should be
given in educating small scale maize farmers on their importance and procedure
of farm record keeping through agricultural extension service.
2. Small scale maize farmers
should also be encouraged to keep records of their farming activities to enable
them have access to farm credit, have knowledge of farm profit, the quantity of
farm output, and also to make farm planning easier.
3. Women should be encouraged
to go into farming as shown by their low participation in farming.
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APPENDIX
Department
of Agricultural
Extension
Services,
Faculty
of Agriculture.
University
of Maiduguri,
P.M.B
1069, Maiduguri.
Borno
state.
Dear Sir,
I
am a final year student of the above mentioned Department conducting research
on the (factors affecting farm record keeping amongst small scale maize farmers
in Maiduguri metropolitan council (MMC) of Borno state) in order to assist this
research, I solicit that you answer the following question appropriate. I
assure you that all information provided will be treated as confidential and
for the purpose of this study only. Please tick or fill in the appropriate
boxes and answers respectively.
Thank you for
your time.
Yours
faithfully,
Muhammad
Lefami Zarma
(Researcher)
ID
Number: 12/02/01/001
FACTORS AFFECTING FARM RECORD
KEEPING AMONGST SMALL SCALE MAIZE FARMERS IN MAIDUGURI METROPOLITAN COUNCIL
(MMC) BORNO STATE
QUESTIONAIRE
Please
tick or fill in the blank space provided below as appropriate
1.
How old are you?
a. 18-30 years { }
b. 31-40 years {
}
c. 41-50 years {
}
d. 51-60 years {
}
e. 60> years
{ }
2.
Sex
a. male
{ }
b.
female {
}
3.
Years of farming
experience?
a. 3-5
years { }
b. 6-10
years {
}
c. 10>
years { }
4.
Level of education?
a. No
formal education { }
b. Primary
school {
}
c. Secondary
school { }
d. Tertiary
education { }
e. Others
please specify……………………….
5.
How much time are you
given to farming?
a. Full
time { }
b. Part
time { }
6.
Membership in
cooperative, are you a member?
a.
yes { }
b.
no { }
7.
Do you have access to
credit?
a. Yes
{ }
b. No { }
8.
Do you pay tax?
a. Yes
{ }
b. No { }
9.
Do you have access to
extension services?
a. Yes
{ }
b. No
{ }
If yes how often?
i.
Weakly { }
ii.
Forth-nightly { }
iii.
Quarterly { }
iv.
Irregularly { }
10.
Do you keep farm record?
a. Yes
{ }
b. No
{ }
11.
How many bags of maize/kg do you harvest?
a. 1-5
bags { }
b. 5-10
bags { }
c. 10>
bags { }
12.
In what ways have you benefited from farm
record keeping?
a. Access
to credit { }
b. Access
to farm input { }
c. Access
to extension service { }
d. Others
please specify……………………..
13.
If you don’t keep record why?
a. Record
are not beneficial { }
b. It
is time consuming { }
c. It
is stressful { }
d. I
don’t know how to do it { }
e. I
normally forget { }
f. I
am afraid to know my looses { }
g. It
leads to taxation { }
h. Others
please specify……………………….
14.
What problem do you encounter for not keeping
farm record?
a. No
access to credit { }
b. No
knowledge of farm profit earned { }
c. Difficulty
in farm or enterprise planning { }
d. Little
knowledge of the quantity of farm input {
}
e. Others
please specify………………………………
15.
Indicate the type of maize production records
a. Farm
size……………………………………………………………….
b. Quantity
of maize seed planted (per/ha)……………………………….
c. Quantity
of fertilizer applied (kg/bag)…………………………………
d. Quantity
of pesticide applied (litre/ha)………………………………...
e. Labour,
amount paid per man daily…………………………………....
f. Quantity
yield/ha (kg/bag)…………………………………………......
g. Income
N/kg/bag………………………………………........................
16.
Why do you keep maize
production records…………………………………
……….………………………………………….............................................
17.
State the factors affecting your maize farm
records keeping.
a. ………………………………………………………………………..
b. ………………………………………………………………………..
c. ………………………………………………………………………..
d. ………………………………………………………………………..
18.
State major problems affecting your maize farm
records……………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
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